![]() Prior to moving to Fairfield University, Downie taught courses in international environmental politics at Columbia University from 1994-2008. The author of numerous publications on a variety of topics, his co-authored book, Global Environmental Politics, written with Professor Pamela Chasek (a co-creator of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin), is in its 8th edition.ĭownie joined the Environmental Studies Program and the Politics Department at Fairfield University in 2008. For his informal work with the Ozone Secretariat at negotiations in the mid-to-late 1990s and his scholarly writing on global ozone policy from 1993-2014, he was nominated and awarded inclusion in the Montreal Protocol Who’s Who, a collection maintained by the United Nations Environment Programme’s OzonAction unit, “intended to honor the visionaries, innovators, and implementers who are making the Montreal Protocol a global environmental success story.” Downie has also been a long-time advocate of examining opportunities to reduce state, national and international taxes and fees focused on income, especially those paid by the lower and middle classes, and replacing them with taxes on pollution. At many of the meetings associated with the ozone layer, mercury and POPs, he worked with the Secretariat as part of the team that drafted the official negotiation reports. He has attended dozens of global negotiations on these topics. His research also examines global efforts to prevent stratospheric ozone depletion, address global climate change, and restrict anthropogenic emissions of mercury and of toxic chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This includes frameworks of scientific knowledge, patterns of economic interests, extant institutions and regime development as well as obstacles that stem from: the structures and interaction of the international political, legal, ecological and economic systems common procedures employed in environmental policy making characteristics of international environmental issues themselves and the need to implement and fund internationally developed rules, norms and policies on the national and local level. ![]() He currently writes and teaches at Fairfield University.ĭownie's research focuses on factors that can promote or impede the creation, implementation and effectiveness of international environmental policy. Combined stratigraphic and structural cross section through Pettipiece Ridge which lithologically distinguishes it from unit 6.David Leonard Downie (born 1961) is an American scholar focusing on international environmental politics and policy. It contains calc-silicates, impure and graphitic marbles, quartzites, and minor pelites. ![]() The contact between units 6 and 7 (these units are referred to by British Columbia Hydro as "West" and "East Series" respectively) has been the focus of attention for a long time as it was interpreted as a faulted contact, with the fault following the trace of the river valley. However, our mapping just north of the slide and in adit 2 has shown that the contact is conformable but gradational over a distance of tens of metres. 4) the contact trends north parallel to the river, but swings westward and crosses the river somewhere near the centre of the slide and is exposed in the adit, implying stratigraphic continuity across this part of the Columbia River. An impure marble bed within unit 7 traced from the east bank to the vicinity of the adit and north to Fissure Creek (Fig. 4) confirms stratigraphic continuity across the Columbia River. The presence of graded grits in units 4,5, and 6, lack of repetition of stratigraphic units, and unfaulted and generally gradational contacts are evidence that units 3-7 comprise a right-way-up stratigraphic succession. Units 8,9, and 10 comprise a 600 m thick succession of quartzites, quartzo-feldspathic grits and Correlation with regional stratigraphy of Frenchman Cap confirms this interpretation (Brown and Psutka 1979 Brown 1980). The displacement of a large slow-moving landslide is accompanied by slope damage, such as fractures, tension cracks, and slope bulging. Studies of these features provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the deformation. In this paper, we investigate slope damage at the Downie Slide, a very large landslide in British Columbia, Canada, that is slowly moving along two shear zones subparallel to the ground surface. Structural geology, and particularly the morphology of the lower shear zone, strongly controls the deformation and, in turn, the observed internal and surficial slope damage features. We use aerial and underground adit laser scanning and photogrammetry to characterize the geometry of the landslide. ![]()
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